​1. Don't Cover It All

1.不要包括所有的內(nèi)容

Base your lecture on the most important material, a topic that your listeners are likely to find difficult or material that doesn't appear in the text.

以最重要的內(nèi)容構(gòu)建講座，可以選擇聽眾們覺(jué)得困難的話題或者課本中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。

2. Make Choices

2.做出選擇

Your lecture should present no more than three or four major issues, with time for examples and questions. Determine the critical message of your lecture and then remove the adornments. Present the bare bones in a succinct story.

演講中不應(yīng)該有超過(guò)三個(gè)或四個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此才有時(shí)間講例子和問(wèn)題。確定講座中的重要信息和不必要的裝飾。簡(jiǎn)述故事的概要。

Listeners will absorb the salient points easily if they are few in number, clear, and coupled with examples.

如果要點(diǎn)數(shù)量不多，清楚并且有例子進(jìn)行解釋，聽眾們會(huì)容易理解。

3. Present in Small Chunks

3. 以小版塊內(nèi)容呈現(xiàn)

Present your lectures in 20-minute chunks. What's wrong with a 1- or 2-hour lecture? Research shows that listeners remember the first and the last ten minutes of lecture, but little of the intervening time.

以20分鐘的小版塊內(nèi)容呈現(xiàn)講座。一個(gè)小時(shí)或者兩個(gè)小時(shí)的講授有問(wèn)題？據(jù)調(diào)查顯示聽眾們記得講座前10分鐘和后10分鐘的內(nèi)容，但是很少記得講座中間說(shuō)了什么。

4. Encourage Active Processing

4.鼓勵(lì)積極處理

Learning is a constructive process. Listeners must think about the material, relate new knowledge to what is already known, and apply knowledge to new situations. Effective instructors use active learning techniques during the lectures.

學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)建構(gòu)過(guò)程。受眾必須思考學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，將新知識(shí)與已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，并將其應(yīng)用到新的環(huán)境中。高效的講師在課堂上使用積極的分享技巧。

Listeners tend to prefer active learning techniques because they are engaging and fun.

聽眾們更喜歡積極的學(xué)習(xí)技巧,因?yàn)樗麄兡軌騾⑴c其中并且覺(jué)得有趣。

5. Pose Reflective Questions

5.提出沉思性問(wèn)題

The simplest way of using active learning techniques is to ask reflective questions, not yes or no questions, but those that require listeners to think. For example, “What would you do in this particular situation? How would you approach solving this problem?” Reflective questions are difficult and will require time to think, so be prepared to wait for an answer (likely at least 30 seconds). Endure the silence.

使用積極的學(xué)習(xí)技巧，最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法就是提問(wèn)沉思性的問(wèn)題，不是簡(jiǎn)單回答對(duì)或者錯(cuò)的問(wèn)題，而是那些需要聽眾們?nèi)ニ伎嫉膯?wèn)題。例如，“在這種情況下你會(huì)怎么做？你會(huì)怎樣解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題？”沉思性的問(wèn)題是有難度的并且需要時(shí)間去思考，因此要準(zhǔn)備好去等待答案（可能至少是30秒）。要經(jīng)得住沉默。

6. Get Them Writing

6.讓聽眾們動(dòng)手寫

The benefit of asking listeners to consider the question in writing is that they will have time to think through their response and feel more comfortable discussing their views without fear of forgetting their point.

讓聽眾們通過(guò)動(dòng)手寫去考慮問(wèn)題的好處就是，聽眾們們會(huì)有時(shí)間去考慮問(wèn)題，他們會(huì)在討論觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)得更加自然，不用害怕忘記要點(diǎn)。

Breaking up a lecture and interspersing it with discussion and active learning takes the pressure off of you as the instructor. An hour and fifteen minutes, or even fifty minutes is a long time to talk. And it's a long time to listen. Try these techniques and vary your strategies to make it easier on everyone and increase your likelihood of success in the classroom.

分層次演講，并通過(guò)討論和積極的學(xué)習(xí)可以減少演講壓力。無(wú)論是聽還是說(shuō)的，一個(gè)小時(shí)15分或55分鐘都算是很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間了。使用這些方法或轉(zhuǎn)換策略使演講更容易，并增加成功的可能性。

演講學(xué)習(xí)分享：英文演講：改變世界恰逢其時(shí)


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