英美文化平臺(tái)

導(dǎo)讀：英語口語的學(xué)習(xí)注重的是一種氛圍，維特國際英語帶您走入原生態(tài)的英語學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境當(dāng)中，感受英語的神奇領(lǐng)域，英美文化平臺(tái)讓更多的英語愛好者了解英語語言文化。（更多資源分享請(qǐng)加維特國際英語qq交流群：175079822）

1. 見面

Americans have so many different ways of greeting one another! In fact, many times an American greeting will consist of several greeting questions strung together. It is very common to hear a friend say, “Hi-Stone-what’s-up- how-are-you-I-haven’t-seen-you-a-long-time-how-have-you-been-doing?” all in one breath. Although Americans generally believe that shorter is better, the function of greeting is an exception to the rule. Don’t be surprised if you are greeting in this way.

美國人彼此之間有很多種不同的問候方式。事實(shí)上，很多時(shí)候，一個(gè)美國式的問候經(jīng)常由一連串問候的問題組成。我們會(huì)很普遍地聽到有人對(duì)你一口氣說“嗨，STONE，怎么樣？你好嗎？好久不見了，你最近怎么樣？”盡管美國人一般認(rèn)為話說得越簡短越好，但是問候時(shí)卻例外。如果你被人用這種連貫方式問候千萬別驚訝

2. 打電話

Given the breathtaking speed with which telephones have begun to permeate every pocket of Chinese society, it is a little surprising that a good number of people have yet to learn even a modicum of telephone etiquette. Strangely, it’s as if the normal countries which one extends to another in face to face conversation do not apply in telephone conversations.
To begin with, a caller is often greeted with a blunt “Who are you?”, a response which many feel is much too direct. On occasion, the receiver of the telephone call expresses unwillingness to reveal the information the caller seeks-such as whether, say, Mr. Zhang is available to take the call—until the caller states his or her identity and institutional affiliation. A more polite approach might be to offer the desired information, following with a gentle require such as “…and who may I say is calling?” An excessive concern for privacy undermines the very function of the telephone; if someone doesn’t even want to tell a caller whether a person is available to take the call or not, why have a phone in the first place?

中國的電話業(yè)有了驚人的發(fā)展，電話己滲透到中國社會(huì)的各個(gè)角落，但令人有點(diǎn)吃驚的是，不少人還沒有學(xué)會(huì)哪怕是起碼的電話禮儀。很奇怪，面對(duì)面談話時(shí)彼此間似乎是很普通的禮貌卻未能用在電話交談中。
開始時(shí)，打電話的人常常聽到對(duì)方一聲直愣愣的問話：“你哪里呀？”這使很多人感到太直了。有時(shí)候，接電話的人不愿意提供打電話的人想要得到的信息——比如說張先生是否可以接電話——直到發(fā)話的說出他（她）的身份和單位才肯告訴。而比較有禮貌的方式應(yīng)是提供對(duì)方所要得到的信息，繼而是文雅的問話，如：“我可以知道您的姓名嗎？”對(duì)于隱私的過分關(guān)注破壞著電話的作用；如果連某人在不在都不想告訴打電話的人，那當(dāng)初何必安電話呢？

3. 用餐

With the advent of fast food chains from the West such as McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Pizza Hut, the Chinese are being introduced to a diet that markedly increases the death rate from certain diseases in any population.
The main killers in North America, the degenerative diseases such as heart attack and stroke as well as colon cancer, will become a way of death, not life, in this country if the Chinese do not act quickly and compete with these health-destroying food chains.
Scientific studies from all over the world show that a diet high in animals foods such as pork, beef, chicken, fish, dairy products and refined foods, including sugar, white flour, white noodles and even white rice, undermines one’s health. Deposits of animal fat cling to the walls of arteries, blocking the blood supply to various organs.

隨著諸如麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基、必勝客等西方快餐連鎖店的出現(xiàn)，這類食品正被介紹給中國人，然而這類食品可以顯著地增長各種人因某些疾病而導(dǎo)致的死亡率。
如果中國人不趕快行動(dòng)起來，與這種損害健康的連鎖食品店競爭，那么北美的主要“殺手”——退化性疾病如心臟病、中風(fēng)和直腸癌，也將成為中國人走向死亡的罪魁禍?zhǔn)帧?br /> 世界各項(xiàng)研究表明，富含動(dòng)物食品（如豬肉、牛肉、雞肉、魚、奶制品）和精制食品（包括白糖、白面粉、白面條以及白米飯）等飲食，都破壞著人們的健康。在血管壁上動(dòng)物脂肪的沉積物阻礙著血液流向各個(gè)器官。

4. 體育愛好

The ten most popular sports in Britain and the ten in the USA respectively are: Soccer, athletics, bowls, boxing, cricket, golf, rugby, squash, tennis and snooker; American football, field and track, baseball, basketball, boxing, golf, ice hockey, skiing, tennis and bowling.
Sports are an important part of life for young Americans. Not only in every student required to attend gym classes 2 or 3 times a week, but many students participate as well in varsity daily after school. Often schools have two or three official school teams. The “freshman” team is for young players who are serious about the sport but not as experienced as older layers are. “JV” or “junior varsity” is for older, more accomplished, but still not the most competitive players, especially for sophomores and juniors. “Varsity” is for the most skilled and oldest players, who are ready for serious competition.

英國和美國最受歡迎的十項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)分別是：（英式）足球，田徑，草地滾木球，拳擊，板球，高爾夫球，橄欖球，壁球，網(wǎng)球和桌球；美式足球（橄欖球），田徑，棒球，籃球，拳擊，高爾夫球，冰球，滑雪，網(wǎng)球和保齡球。
運(yùn)動(dòng)是美國青年生活中的一個(gè)重要部分。每個(gè)青年學(xué)生一周不僅要上兩到三次的健身操課程，許多學(xué)生每天放學(xué)后還參加校隊(duì)的體育活動(dòng)。通常，學(xué)校都有兩到三個(gè)正式的體育代表隊(duì)。“初級(jí)隊(duì)”代表運(yùn)動(dòng)認(rèn)真但經(jīng)驗(yàn)不如年齡略大選手的新生。“中級(jí)隊(duì)”代表年齡略大、更有成績、但仍不最具有競爭力的選手，特別是二、三年級(jí)的學(xué)生。“高級(jí)隊(duì)”代表水平最高、年齡最長的選手，隨時(shí)參加重要的比賽。

5. 道歉及其答語

Everyone makes mistakes! But, not everyone knows how to make an apology. All too often the first response to a mistake is to blame someone else. Effectively expressing a sincere apology is a valuable function that will not only show off your English, it will also show off your excellent manners. Showing consideration for others is an important part of effective communication.
金無赤足，人無完人。每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。但是，不是每個(gè)人都知道在犯錯(cuò)后該怎樣道歉。大多數(shù)人經(jīng)常在犯錯(cuò)后的第一反應(yīng)就是責(zé)備他人。及時(shí)有效地表達(dá)一份真誠的道歉是至關(guān)重要的，它不僅可以向他人顯示你用英語道歉的水平，而且可以體現(xiàn)你很有禮貌。向他人表達(dá)你的體貼是人與人之間進(jìn)行有效溝通的一個(gè)重要部分。

6. 感謝及應(yīng)答

People from other cultures sometimes don’t understand why Americans give so many compliments. In these cultures, too many compliments would seem insincere. A Japanese woman said that she might give a compliment once a week, while an American woman said that she gives at least one compliment a day! One of the reasons why Americans compliment so frequently seems to be to start a conversation easily.
In the English language, “thanks” is used in informal situations or in the situations in which a person has helped you in a not very important way. “Thank you” is the standard form, which is acceptable in all situations. “Thank you very much” is used only when someone had done something special to help you. The tone of voice can also add meaning to a statement of thanks. A warm, meaningful “thanks” sometimes means a lot more to the listener than a cold formal “Thank you”.

其他國家的人有時(shí)很難理解為什么美國人如此愛恭維別人。在他們看來，過多的贊美之詞意味著虛偽。一個(gè)日本婦女說她一周頂多贊美一件事，而一個(gè)美國婦女說一天至少要一次！美國人愛贊美別人的原因之一似乎是為了容易開始和別人談話。
在英語里，“Thanks（多謝）”用于非正式的場合，或用于當(dāng)別人只提供了很小幫助的時(shí)候。“Thank you”是最普遍的說法，適用于任何場合。“Thank you very much”(非常感謝您)則更多地用于當(dāng)別人提供了特別幫助的時(shí)候。表示感謝時(shí)聲音高低的變化同樣能夠影響表達(dá)的效果。一個(gè)溫暖的充滿意義的”Thanks“有時(shí)要比一個(gè)冰冷冷的正式表達(dá)語”Thank you“ 聽起來

7. 道別

You want to end a conversation; it’s up to you to find acceptable structures. Often these can include a hint for you leaving or a reason for having to leave (like “Nice talking to you” or “Sorry, I must get back to work”, etc.).
It is usual practice to end a conversation politely. Just walking away would be considered extremely rude.
Sometimes Americans have trouble ending conversations with each other. The reason may be that there is no one way to end a conversation. In some other cultures, there are specific ways to end conversations, such as bowing or minutes to say “Goodbye” and, as they do, you can see them backing away from each other. By the time they are about fifteen or twenty feet apart, they’ve often said their last “Goodbye”
想結(jié)束談話時(shí)，你就得找適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞浇Y(jié)束。通�？梢园凳疽叩囊馑蓟蚴墙o出一個(gè)要走的借口(像“和你交談很是愉快”或“對(duì)不起，我得回去工作了”等等)。通常都是有禮貌的結(jié)束交談。說走就走，沒個(gè)交代，那是很不禮貌的。
美國人在結(jié)束談話有時(shí)候可能會(huì)比較麻煩。這大概是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有一個(gè)約定俗成的方式。但在有些文化里，人們會(huì)用鞠躬或握手等方式來表達(dá)這種意思。在美國你常常會(huì)看到人們用好幾分鐘的時(shí)間來說“再見”，而且?guī)缀跏钦f一句一回頭，直到雙方走開近２０英尺遠(yuǎn)了，他們才說出最后一個(gè)“再見”。

8. 購物

Most cities in the U.S. collect a sales tax on almost everything you buy. When you move into a new community, you must ask how much the local sales tax is, and what items are and are not taxable. Both taxable items and the amount of tax are considerably from place to place. We say that in America only two things in life are unavoidable: one is death and the other is taxes.
Flea markets have become a common feature in many American cities. They take place in empty parking lots, fairgrounds and drive-in cinemas. Wherever flea markets may appear, their purpose is the sale and exchange of goods. Whether they are knowledgeable collectors or just plain bargain hunters, people are drown to flea markets by the enormous amount and variety of merchandise offered.
美國的大多數(shù)城市幾乎對(duì)客戶買的任何東西都要征收銷售稅。搬進(jìn)一個(gè)新社區(qū)，必須問問當(dāng)?shù)氐匿N售稅是多少，什么貨品要征收，什么貨品不要。征稅的物品及數(shù)量各地懸殊較大。我們說，在美國人生只有兩件事是不可避免的：一是死，二是稅。
跳蚤市場已經(jīng)成為美國許多城市的一景�？諘绲耐＼噲觥⒙短煊螛穲鲆约奥短煊霸憾伎梢宰鳛槠鋱龅�。不論出現(xiàn)在什么地方，它們的目的都是為了買賣和交換。而且，不論是學(xué)識(shí)淵博眼光獨(dú)到的收藏家，還是過日子精打細(xì)算的小市民，人們總是被跳蚤市場上為數(shù)眾多花樣紛繁的商品吸引著而走到一起。

9. 約會(huì)

In some cultures, it’s more important to arrive on time for appointment, but in some other cultures people are not expected to arrive on time. In the U.S., people like others to be on time for business appointments, while for private parties, it’s advisable to be a little late.
In western countries, generally, you need to make an appointment first if you try to visit a doctor, teacher, and hairdresser etc. To go to a popular restaurant, you should also call ahead to make a dinner reservation. A visit to a doctor especially requires an appointment, since doctors are usually very busy. If you are very sick and have no time for an appointment, you must go to an emergency room of a hospital where a doctor is on duty. This might be very expensive in some countries.
在有的文化中，人們準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約是非常重要的。但有的文化中卻不這樣要求。在美國，對(duì)于工作約會(huì)人們希望別人能準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約，但對(duì)于私人聚會(huì)稍微晚到倒是可以的。
在西方國家，若要看醫(yī)生，找老師，去美發(fā)等，一般都要先預(yù)約。去一家好一點(diǎn)的餐館就餐，也需要提前打電話預(yù)約。要找醫(yī)生看病尤其需要預(yù)約，因?yàn)獒t(yī)生通常都會(huì)很忙。如果病得很重，來不及預(yù)約，那就必須到某家醫(yī)院的急診室就診，那兒會(huì)有醫(yī)生值班。這在某些國家費(fèi)用可能會(huì)很高。

10. 家庭

A mother’s love is like a beacon
Burning bright with kindness and prayer,
And though the changing scenes of life
We can find a heaven there.
My parents are the tree roots, and we are the new leaves of the tree. Thanks to the richness of the soil, the greenery is luxuriant; and thanks to the efforts of our parents, we grow to maturity.
Having a loving wife, a successful child, a circle of friends and a dream work, you need only one thing more, rest, to be the happiest man. The pleasure of family is the best medicine to stop bad habits from forming,
母親的愛像燈塔，她的仁慈和祝福使燈塔光芒四射，穿過人生的種種變遷，我們能夠找到天堂。
父母是我生長的根，我們是樹上嫩綠的新芽。樹木的繁茂歸功于土地的養(yǎng)育，兒女的成長歸功于父母的辛勞。
有個(gè)可愛的妻子，一個(gè)有出息的孩子，一圈子朋友，一份夢(mèng)寐以求的工作，要成為最幸福的人，你只需要再有休息。家庭生活的樂趣是抵抗壞風(fēng)毒害的最好良方。

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