推薦：演講時掌握的幾個技巧
 
講座是傳統(tǒng)教學的一種方法，也許是最古老的教學方法。一些評論家認為講座是一種被動的教學方式。然而，講座并不總是被動的。有計劃地進行有效的演講將改變這種情況。


這里有一些計劃演講的技巧。
 
1. Don't Cover It All
 
1.不要說全部的內容
 
Base your lecture on the most important material, a topic that your listeners are likely to find difficult or material that doesn't appear in the text.
 
用最重要的內容建立一個講座，你可以選擇觀眾發(fā)現(xiàn)的困難或課本上沒有的內容。
 
2. Make Choices
 
2.做出選擇
 
Your lecture should present no more than three or four major issues, with time for examples and questions. Determine the critical message of your lecture and then remove the adornments. Present the bare bones in a succinct story.
 
不應該有超過三或四個問題，所以我們有時間來舉例和提問。判斷演講中的重要信息，刪除修飾語。提出了一個簡短的故事梗概。
 
Listeners will absorb the salient points easily if they are few in number, clear, and coupled with examples.
 
如果要點數(shù)量不多，清楚并且有例子進行解釋，聽眾們會容易理解。
 
3. Present in Small Chunks
 
3. 以小版塊內容呈現(xiàn)
 
Present your lectures in 20-minute chunks. What's wrong with a 1- or 2-hour lecture? Research shows that listeners remember the first and the last ten minutes of lecture, but little of the intervening time.
 
以20分鐘的小版塊內容呈現(xiàn)講座。一個小時或者兩個小時的講授有問題？根據(jù)調查，聽眾記得講課的前10分鐘和最后10分鐘說的，但很少記得演講中說的內容。
 
 
4. Encourage Active Processing
 
4.鼓勵積極處理
 
Learning is a constructive process. Listeners must think about the material, relate new knowledge to what is already known, and apply knowledge to new situations. Effective instructors use active learning techniques during the lectures.
 
學習是有建設性的過程。觀眾要想學習新知識的快樂，把新知識跟已經學過的知識聯(lián)系起來并且運用到新的環(huán)境中。出色的演講者在分享中使用積極的學習技巧。
 
Listeners tend to prefer active learning techniques because they are engaging and fun.
 
聽眾們更喜歡積極的學習技巧,因為他們能夠參與其中并且覺得有趣。
 
5. Pose Reflective Questions
 
5.提出沉思性問題
 
The simplest way of using active learning techniques is to ask reflective questions, not yes or no questions, but those that require listeners to think. For example, “What would you do in this particular situation? How would you approach solving this problem?” Reflective questions are difficult and will require time to think, so be prepared to wait for an answer (likely at least 30 seconds). Endure the silence.
 
使用積極的學習技巧最簡單的方法之一是問一些深思熟慮的問題，而不僅僅是回答對或錯的問題，而是問聽眾需要思考的問題。例如，“在這種情況下你會怎么做？你將如何解決這個問題？”冥想的問題是困難的，需要時間思考，所以要準備等待答案（可能至少30秒）。保持沉默。
 
6. Get Them Writing
 
6.讓聽眾們動手寫
 
The benefit of asking listeners to consider the question in writing is that they will have time to think through their response and feel more comfortable discussing their views without fear of forgetting their point.
 
讓聽眾們通過動手寫去考慮問題的好處就是，聽眾們們會有時間去考慮問題，他們會在討論觀點的時候表現(xiàn)得更加自然，不用害怕忘記要點。
 
Breaking up a lecture and interspersing it with discussion and active learning takes the pressure off of you as the instructor. An hour and fifteen minutes, or even fifty minutes is a long time to talk. And it's a long time to listen. Try these techniques and vary your strategies to make it easier on everyone and increase your likelihood of success in the classroom.
 
分層的講座，可以通過討論或者積極學習來減少對演講者的壓力。不管是聽還是說，一小時、15分鐘或55分鐘都是一段很長的時間。使用這些技巧或轉換策略使演講更容易，并增加成功的可能性。